South Africas Black Consciousness Movement

South Africa's Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a powerful understudy development during the 1970s in Apartheid South Africa. The Black Consciousness Movement advanced another character and governmental issues of racial solidarityâ and turned into the voice and soul of the counter politically-sanctioned racial segregation development when both the African National Congress and the Pan-Africanist Congress had been prohibited in the wake of the Sharpeville Massacre. The BCM arrived at its apex in the Soweto Student Uprising of 1976â but declined rapidly a short time later. Ascent of the Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement started in 1969 when African understudies left the National Union of South African Students, which was multiracial however white-commanded, and established the South African Students Organization (SASO). The SASO was an expressly non-white association open to understudies delegated African, Indian, or Colored under Apartheid Law. It was to bring together non-white understudies and give a voice to their complaints, however the SASO initiated a development that came to a long ways past understudies. After three years, in 1972, the pioneers of this Black Consciousness Movement shaped the Black People’s Convention (BPC) to connect with and electrify grown-ups and non-understudies. Points and Forerunners of the BCM Freely, the BCM intended to bind together and inspire non-white populaces, yet this implied barring a past partner, liberal enemy of politically-sanctioned racial segregation whites. As Steve Biko, the most unmistakable Black Consciousness pioneer, clarified, when activist patriots said that white individuals didn't have a place in South Africa, they implied that â€Å"we needed to expel [the white man] from our table, strip the table of all trappings put on it by him, improve it in obvious African style, settle down and afterward request that he go along with us on our own terms in the event that he liked.† The components of Black pride and festivity of dark culture connected the Black Consciousness Movement back to the works of W. E. B. Du Bois, just as the thoughts of dish Africanism and La Negritude development. It additionally emerged simultaneously as the Black Power development in the United States, and these developments enlivened one another; Black Consciousness was both aggressor and avowedly peaceful. The Black Consciousness development was likewise enlivened by the accomplishment of the FRELIMO in Mozambique.â Soweto and the Afterlives of the BCM The specific associations between the Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto Student Uprising are discussed, however for the Apartheid government, the associations were sufficiently clear. In the outcome of Soweto, the Black People’s Convention and a few other Black Consciousness developments were prohibited and their initiative captured, numerous in the wake of being beaten and tormented, including Steve Biko who kicked the bucket in police care. The BPC was mostly revived in the Azania People’s Organization, which is as yet dynamic in South African legislative issues. Sources Steve, Biko, I Write What I like: Steve Biko. A Selection of his Writings, ed. by Aelred Stubbs, African Writers Series. (Cambridge: Proquest, 2005), 69.Desai, Ashwin, â€Å"Indian South Africans and the Black Consciousness Movement under Apartheid.† Diaspora Studies 8.1 (2015): 37-50. Hirschmann, David. â€Å"The Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa.†Ã‚ The Journal of Modern African Studies. 28.1 (Mar., 1990): 1-22.

The Government of Athens and Sparthans

The nation of Greece in 400-500 B.C. was directed to enormity by two extraordinary city-states. These city-states were Athens and Sparta. These two states were as various as night and day. They were rivals and extremely assorted. As you read you will discover their disparities between their type of culture and government. The city-territory of Athens received a type of government which is presently called majority rules system. Majority rule government is the point at which the legislature is administered by the individuals. This administration comprised of a get together , a jury , and there was a chamber of 500 men more than 30 . The gathering chose such issues as to pronounce war or to go through cash. The chamber was utilized to settle on choices for the Athenian government. All men that were residents had the option to take an interest in a gathering , hold office , vote , and serve on a jury. Slaves couldn't do any of these things since they were not considered residents . The Athenian government was as comparable as the American government today (Meigas 32). Not at all like the administration of Athens the legislature of Sparta prospered as a privileged . This kind of government is the point at which a spot is managed by few individuals from the privileged . There was a Council of Elders , a gathering , and the five ephors. The Council of Elders was comprised of two rulers and 28 men beyond 60 years old. This gathering settled on making laws. The get together was made out of every male resident more than 30. The get together did numerous things. It chose government laborers and decided on laws that were presented by the Council of Elders. The ephors were chosen by the get together. The ephors were managers. They controlled slaves , led business with remote nations , and haggled with the rulers (Hornblower 35). The men of antiquated Athens were taught. From their adolescence until the ages of six or seven the men were shown home by their mom or a male slave. After the age of seven they went to an ordinary day school. At school they learned show, open talking, perusing, composing, and arithmetic . At the point when they arrived at the age of fourteen they went to a higher school for four additional years. At the higher school they learned more math , more science , and things about the administration. At the point when the men arrived at the age of 18 the were required to go to military school for 2 additional years. The Athenian men were gifted engineers , artists , and craftsmen. From them is the place we get incredible works known as The Odyssey and The Iliad by the author known as Homer (Meigas 123). The men of old Sparta were shrewd , smooth , and solid. During their youth the Spartan men were detracted from their folks. Being removed at seven years old , they were sent to military school. In the event that a youngster was not solid , he/she was left on a precipice to bite the dust of presentation. In the military school they lived in garisson huts. They were shown basic instincts , the continuance of agony , discipline , and sturdiness at the school. They were given little food and were urged to take. On the off chance that they were found taking they would get a beating. They were additionally whipped by more established kids in battles , so they could get extreme and solid. At 20 years old the Spartan men at long last became fighters. When they got hitched , they were just permitted to live in their own homes with their family at 30 years old. At this age they were viewed as equivalents. The military assistance for the Spartan men finished at 60 years old (Connolly 230). The Athenian ladies were exceptionally proficient and taught. The ladies were not considered residents and they were not permitted to hold property. The ladies got similar instruction as the Athenian men did. Despite the fact that the instruction was the equivalent, the ladies were not permitted to leave the family. They didn't go out on the town to shop or to get things done. Their better half did the vast majority of these things. The principle employment of the ladies was to run the family. She dealt with the family†s cash , the youngsters , and the slaves. She likewise spun fleece and made imaginative earthenware (Hornblower 145). In Sparta the lives of ladies were not normal for the lives of some other Greek polis. The Spartan state didn't take the scholastic training of a female genuinely. The physical training that the ladies had was exceptionally intense and overwhelming. They learned tumbling and vigorous exercise. They additionally had more opportunity then ladies of other city-states. They had the option to move all around , do the shopping , and control the house. They additionally had a great deal of opportunity from their spouses in light of the fact that their husbands lived in sleeping enclosure. More often than not the Spartan ladies dealt with fields and were doctors to the harmed Spartan warriors. They were considered as moms to every single Spartan officer (Connolly 260). This is the manner by which the way of life and the administration of the Greek city-conditions of Sparta and Athens was extraordinary. Each state had an alternate kind of instruction and an alternate force of how the legislature needed their polis to be. These city-states again were exceptionally various and extraordinary. In my thinking of you perceived how unique they were.

How Not to Fail College Test

How Not to Fail College Test 5 Ways Not to Fail College Test Home›Education Posts›5 Ways Not to Fail College Test Education PostsCollege test is one of the most difficult tasks during the whole year. It is highly important not to fail college test as this may lead to bad consequences. A lot of students are nervous before exams as they are not prepared to it. They are afraid of tests since during the year they laze around. But students should work hard and find time for studying since exams are around the corner.For this very reason, qualitycustomessays.com offers 5 useful ways not to fail college test:• Make notes. Students should always make notes during class. Professors give useful information during lectures which will then be in exams. That is why, don’t be lazy to take some notes.• Be attentive during class. Questions and tasks which will be in the test are always explained during classes. Pay attention to the professor’s words as this will help you to be more prepared and know more informatio n during your exams. This will reduce time for preparing for the test.• Do all assignments. If you write all papers and do all needed assignments during the year, this will help you during test. Doing all tasks greatly increases your chances to receive a good grade during exam.• Review information a day before the test. A day before the test, read all your notes again, this will help you to remember all essential points. It is very important to review the information as you will easily remember those points which you read yesterday.• Relax during test. Don’t be nervous during exam. When people are nervous, they forget important things. Take your time, pull yourself together, and everything will be alright.Consider these recommendations and don’t forget that college is a place where you should study. If you study during the year, you won’t have to worry about the tests.

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay

Description The patient presents with dementia, poor posture (her chin close to her chest) and dislikes solids, there for has to be assisted to feed and chooses only to consume liquids. Her communication skills are also poor and doesn’t have the capacity to engage in a flowing conversation but has the ability to answer a question using the words ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or by saying individual words. I was given the task of feeding the patient at lunch time as she requires one to one support at meal times due to her lack of willingness to consume solids and fluids. It is extremely important to maintain good fluid intake to reduce the chance of dehydration which could contribute to increased confusion in a dementia patient. To prevent this,†¦show more content†¦I chatted in general conversation with her to give her sufficient time to digest her intake then offered her further fluids to which she stated ‘no more’. Satisfied she had had enough, I removed her apron and directed her to the lounge area and then discussed the task with my mentor. Feelings/thoughts Before I started this task I felt slightly anxious as it was the first time I had supported this patient on a one to one basis. I was unsure of how she would react to me as I was an unfamiliar face to her in relation to her feeding and I had previously witnessed her being very verbally aggressive, trying to leave her chair and showing signs of frustration during meal times with other trained, experienced staff on the ward. Throughout the task I felt my confidence increased as the patient was fairly compliant with what I was trying to achieve, this made me become more relaxed and less anxious which I feel eased the mood of the whole experience. After completing the task I felt satisfied that I had achieved what was required whilst undertaking a person-centred personalised approach to meet the needs of the patient. Evaluation I felt that I achieved the desired outcome which was to ensure the patient consumed an adequate volume of fluids during meal time whilst promoting a person – centred approach to their care as I ensured the patient enjoyedShow MoreRelatedUnderstand the diversity of individuals with dementia and the importance of inclusion1716 Words   |  7 Pages4222-370] ( Written questions [Outcome 1] Understand the concept of diversity and its relevance to working with individuals who have dementia 1.1- explain what is meant by the terms †¢ diversity The Service Users i deliver care to are all different in many ways.This can be along the dimensions of gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, physical abilities, political beliefs, religious beliefs or other ideologies. This means that i have to be aware of a person’sRead MoreDementi A Progressive Mental Disorder1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are approximately 120,000 people that have been diagnosed with dementia or a related condition. Dementia is a progressive mental disorder characterized as the deterioration of intelligence and personality (Myers, 2009). By 2031 the number of people living with dementia will drastically increase to 750,000 due to the aging baby boomers population (Statistics Canada, 2013; Black, et al., 2010). People living with dementia require assistance with activities of daily living (ADL); this assistanceRead MoreThe Benefits Of Caregiver Information And Services In The Community1058 Words   |  5 Pages. Thi s includes information on programs designed to give caregivers a break, financial assistance programs which benefit caregivers, education and training programs, and support groups for caregivers. 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The stress and burden providing for a loved one can be overwhelming and impactful. Analysis Dementia has a significant impact on family caregivers’ mental, physical and emotional health. Although previous research focuses heavily on the negative outcomes, researchers are shifting to evaluate the positives caregivers encounter when caring for a loved one with dementia. While there is a plethoraRead MoreAssignment 371 Dementia Essay examples924 Words   |  4 Pagesforms of dementia can affect the way an individual communicates. All forms of dementia can affect the way a person communicates, so in time they may have to find different ways of expressing themselves and their feelings. As a carer your non-verbal communication will become important, your body language, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact and tone of voice will have to be taken into account when you are communicating with a sufferer. 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Biography of Folk Singer and Activist Joan Baez

Baez was known for her soprano voice, her haunting songs, and her long black hair early in her career — until she cut it in 1968. Joan Baez Biography Joan Baez was born on January 9, 1941, in Staten Island, New York. Her father Albert Baez was a physicist born in Mexico, while her mother was of Scottish and English descent. She grew up in New York and California, and when her father took a faculty position in Massachusetts, she attended Boston University and began to sing in coffeehouses and small clubs in Boston and Cambridge, and later in the Greenwich Village section of New York City. Bob Gibson invited her to attend the 1959 Newport Folk Festival where she was a hit; she appeared again at Newport in 1960. Vanguard Records, known for promoting folk music, signed Baez and in 1960 her first album,  Joan Baez, came out. She moved to California in 1961. Her second album, Volume 2, proved to be her first commercial success.  Her first three albums focused on traditional folk ballads. Her fourth album, In Concert, Part 2, began to move into more contemporary folk music and protest songs.  She included on that album â€Å"We Shall Overcome† which, as an evolution of an old gospel song, was becoming a civil rights anthem. Baez in the 1960s Baez met Bob Dylan in April of 1961 in Greenwich Village. She performed with him periodically and spent a lot of time with him from 1963 to 1965. Her covers of such Dylan songs as â€Å"Don’t Think Twice† helped bring him his own recognition. Subjected to racial slurs and discrimination in her own childhood because of her Mexican heritage and features, Joan Baez became involved with a variety of social causes early in her career, including  civil rights  and nonviolence. She was sometimes jailed for her protests. In 1965, she founded the Institute for the Study of Nonviolence, based in California. As a Quaker, she refused to pay a part of her income tax that she believed would go to pay for military spending. She refused to play in any segregated venues, which meant that when she toured the South, she only played at black colleges. Joan Baez recorded more mainstream popular songs in the later 1960s, including from Leonard Cohen (â€Å"Suzanne†), Simon and Garfunkel and Lennon and McCartney of the Beatles (â€Å"Imagine†). She recorded six of her albums in Nashville starting in 1968. All the songs on her 1969 Any Day Now, a two-record set, were composed by Bob Dylan. Her version of â€Å"Joe Hill† on One Day at a Time helped bring that tune to wider public attention.  She also covered songs by country songwriters including Willie Nelson and Hoyt Axton. In 1967, the Daughters of the American Revolution denied Joan Baez permission to perform at Constitution Hall, resonating with their famous denial of the same privilege to  Marian Anderson. Baez’ concert was also moved to the mall, as Marian Anderson’s had been: Baez performed at the Washington Monument and drew 30,000. Al Capp parodied her in his â€Å"Li’l Abner† comic strip as â€Å"Joanie Phonie† that same year. Lil Abner is the ultimate inspiration behind the Sadie Hawkins character, an empowered female who asks men out instead of waiting for them to ask her. Baez in the 1970s Joan Baez married David Harris, a Vietnam draft protestor, in 1968, and he was in jail for most of the years of their marriage. They divorced in 1973, after having one child, Gabriel Earl. In 1970, she participated in the documentary â€Å"Carry It On,† including film of 13 songs in concert, about her life through that time. She drew much criticism for a tour of North Vietnam in 1972. In the 1970s, she began composing her own music. Her â€Å"To Bobby† was written honoring her long relationship with Bob Dylan.  She also recorded her sister Mimi Farina’s work. In 1972, she signed with AM Records. From 1975 to 1976, Joan Baez toured with Bob Dylan’s Rolling Thunder Review, resulting in a documentary of the tour. She moved to Portrait Records for two more albums. The 1980s-2010s In 1979, Baez helped form Humanitas International. She toured in the 1980s for human rights and pace, supporting the Solidarity movement in Poland. She toured in 1985 for Amnesty International and was part of the Live Aid concert. She published her autobiography in 1987 as And a Voice to Sing With, and moved to a new label, Gold Castle.  The 1987 album Recently included a pacifist hymn and another gospel classic made famous by Marian Anderson, â€Å"Let Us Break Bread Together,† and two songs about South Africa’s freedom struggle. She closed down Humanitas International in 1992 to focus on her music, then recorded Play Me Backwards (1992) and Ring Them Bells (1995), for Virgin and Guardian Records, respectively. Play Me Backwards included songs by Janis Ian and Mary Chapin Carpenter. In 1993 Baez performed in Sarajevo, then in the midst of a war. She continued recording into the early 2000s, and PBS highlighted her work with an American Masters segment in 2009. Joan Baez had always been quite politically active, but she had largely stayed out of partisan politics, endorsing her first candidate for public office in 2008 when she supported Barack Obama. In 2011 Baez performed in New York City for the Occupy Wall Street activists. Discography 1960: Joan Baez Vol. 1 (remastered 2001)1961: Joan Baez Vol. 2 (remastered 2001)1964: Joan Baez 5 - 2002 version with bonus tracks1965: Farewell, Angelina1967: Joan1969: Any Day Now: Songs of Bob Dylan1969: Davids Album1970: The First Ten Years1971: Carry It On1972: Blessed Are...1972: Come From the Shadows1974: Gracias a la Vida (Heres to Life)1975: Diamonds and Rust1976: The Lovesong Album1977: Best of Joan Baez1979: Honest Lullaby1979: The Joan Baez Country Music Album1982: Very Early Joan Baez1984: Ballad Book Vol. 11984: Ballad Book Vol. 21987: Recently1990: Blowin Away1991: Brothers in Arms1992: No Woman No Cry1992: Play Me Backwards1993: From Every Stage1993: Rare, Live and Classic (box)1995: Ring Them Bells (winter holiday and Christmas)1996: Greatest Hits (remastered)1996: Speaking of Dreams1997: Gone From Danger1998: Baez Sings Dylan1999: 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection1960: Joan Baez Vol. 1 (remastered 2001)1961: Joan Baez Vol. 2 (remastered 2001)1964: Joan Baez 5 - 2002 version with bonus tracks2003: Dark Chords on a Big Guitar2005: Bowery Songs2007: Ring Them Bells (reissue with bonus tracks)2008: Day After Tomorrow2011: Queen of Folk Music Joan Baez Quotes The concert becomes a context of its own, and thats whats beautiful about being able to stand up there—that I can say what I want, put the songs where I want them and, hopefully, give people an evening of beautiful music as well. (1979)Action is the antidote to despair. Sources Baez, Joan. And a Voice to Sing With. 1987.Baez, Joan. The Joan Baez Songbook: P/V/G Folio. 1992.Hajdu, David.  Positively 4th Street: The Lives and Times of Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Mimi Baez Farina, and Richard Farina. 2011.ï » ¿Swanekamp, Joan.  Diamonds and Rust: A Bibliography and Discography on Joan Baez. 1979.

Final Descriptive Writing Free Essays

Anton Meriwether When you are trying to write a descriptive piece then it is best to describe everything in a very visual way to that would make the reader use it’s five senses. Using the five senses in a descriptive writing really elevates your piece and makes it stand out. I’m from a small city in northern Indiana where not many people visit even actually hardly at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Descriptive Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The city is off the coast of Lake Michigan which creates a slight cold breeze in middle of December and all of January. The city is called Michigan City, Indiana. Have you ever heard of The Blue Chip Casino? Of course you have I mean who haven’t. The Blue Chip Casino is like a boat casino and it is also the tallest building in the whole city. The Casino sits at one end Of Michigan Blvd which is one of the main roads in the city and also one of the longest. Another thing about the city is a place called The Dunes. The Dunes is a big sand hill that depending on the weather will burn your feet. The Dunes is a great place to go if you’re looking to have some fun walking n sand and also going to the beach. Hearing the beach at night just calms you down no matter what is going on because, hearing the breeze flow over the lake creates a sound that can’t be mimicked by technology which is very rare nowadays. Michigan City is a good place to visit but of course every city has its down falls I mean Atlanta is too big like huge for no reason at all, no seriously, really dumb big and parking is expensive and can’t even drive yet and I’m saying, it’s just ridiculous, but back to the task at hand. One problem about Michigan City is the weather, if you are not used to cold weather or don’t like it then it’s not your place because it gets freezing, iceman, Antarctica, I’m staying inside the house cold. That is a descriptive writing that includes all five senses. When you use all the senses then you are truly writing a descriptive writing, because how can you describe something without using the senses, I mean, you not even describing anything all you are doing is just talking about it and that won’t get my attention. I hope this helps you become a better descriptive writer. How to cite Final Descriptive Writing, Essays

Grant Application or Business Case †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Grant Application or Business Case. Answer: Introduction: In the current scenario, the food industry is growing with rapid speed and having significant contribution in the GDP and tourism activities of the nations. The planning of business about food restaurant in hospital will require skilled human resources who can help in the development of menu, planning of operations, preparation and delivery of the food. The infrastructure and implementation of technical tools for taking the order and offering the information to the customer. The prior planning of business and development of the roadmap of the business would be beneficial for the management. The opening of the restaurant to provide food in the hospital in Sidney, Australia would be the major task that will require financial resources to establish the restaurant. For starting the business in Australia the option of the opening of food restaurant in hospital would be more feasible (Fuller, 2016). The supply of the services would be manageable as there are many vendors are available for offering the raw material to prepare the food in hospital according to menu and requirements of customers. The consideration of issues of economy, human resources and implementation of technical resources would be the major concern of the management to meet the objectives. To meet the needs of local and international customers. To offer high-quality food and services. To gain profit from the organization. The small business unit requires funds for managing the following operations in the business which are playing vital role in the planning and implantation of business project, Working capital: For starting the business sufficient amount of working capital is required which is the major reason for funding. The working capital helps to maintain the health of the business that can be gain from the external sources like banking institute and investors. A loan can help the management to cover the short-term fund requirements of business to grow to meet the needs of customers and supplier for food restaurants in hospital (Junior.et al. 2016). This kind of approach in funding of working capital will help the organization to gain the advantage of new opportunities by investing in the development of new products and services for customers. Asset purchase: In the business of food restaurant in hospital, the funds are required for purchasing of assets to prepare and deliver the food to the customers. The major assets of the restaurant are furniture, determination of quality interior and ambience as well human resources. In the current scenario, customer demands entertainment too with food so implementation of equipments like music system, big projector screen as well development of facilities would be requires funding. The setup of kitchen and machinery for preparing and offering the food demand funds (Wray.et al. 2015). Cash flow: the process of owning a business can be a roller coaster especially in a hard time of slow demand and the weak economy. To survive in these conditions the management will require funds to maintain the cost of the basic operations and pay to the human resources. For that reason, owner of the restaurant will need funds to keep the ship afloat. Inventory: For the food product and services business in hospital, inventory of the raw material plays the critical role in the management of timely services (Malherbe, 2015). The prior forecasting and availability of raw material are essential to meet the needs and demand of the customer. This would be a major reason for funding in the business. For opening the restaurant in hospital the location Sydney is selected as there football of international and local people is high that are looking for quality food and services to spend some quality time with the friends and family members. The growth of food industry is 8% which indicates that business of food restaurant would have potential to grow with the effectiveness. According to analysis, the demand for quality food and services is high in the selected region of Australia. The business process of food is beneficial for management as a demand of verity food is increasing as people are investing on quality food and services that are encouraging the food business. By considering information, the financial required are high for the establishment of a restaurant as a development of infrastructure and recruitment of skilled human resource will be important (Begenau, 2016). The major food business is also having significant contribution in the GDP and attraction of tourist to the particular location. Preparation of the budget The budget has been prepared for the first financial year which consists of all related activities regarding the operation of the restaurant in hospital in Sydney. This facilitates corporation in integrating all related resources because right forecasting is done for the material needed in the manufacturing of several products and services. On the other hand, forecasting from the zero-based cash budget assists management of new restaurant to access cost-effective sources and ensure the successful operation of the business for longer time span. The budget of the business has been prepared in accordance with the outcome presented in the cash flow statement. For this purpose, each year is considered as the financial year and accordingly amount of revenue and expenses has been divided for each year. It is assumed that amount of expenses will remain same in all months of the single financial year. This helps management keep a record of the expenses in a more effective manner. Table 1: Zero-based cash budget January February March April May June July August September October November December Revenue Cash balance 24832.7 49665.3 74498 99330.7 124163 148996 173829 198661 223494 248327 273159 Sales 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 Total revenue 54166 78998.7 103831 128664 153497 178329 203162 227995 252827 277660 302493 327325 Expenses 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 Purchase 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Loan 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 Electricity bill 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 Total expense 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 Surplus/ deficit 24832.7 49665.3 74498 99330.7 124163 148996 173829 198661 223494 248327 273159 297992 The above-mentioned budget shows that in every year the company will increase its revenue because of its unique identity in the marketplace and meeting the expectations of customers. However, loan or long-term debt will be paid on time every month so as to reduce the financial burden. It aids to achieve the long as well as short-term objectives of the business as management would be able to arrange other resources accordingly. The constant increase or rise in the profitability of restaurant in hospital in Sydney shows that it can effectively recover the cost of production and increase the overall rate of return. This aids to cater the requirement of the business and shed light on its expansion for a long term. Build-up of the budget from a zero-based The budget for the second financial year has been prepared as follows where the outcome generated from first financial year considered (Malherbe, 2015). This enables management of restaurant in hospital in Sydney to estimate the requirement of the financial resources and accordingly access suitable sources. However, the below-mentioned budget reflects that company is not required to acquire the financial resources from any other party. The most significant or crucial aspect is that firm has control over its expenses so that accordingly revenue is increased. This, in turn, the company is ensuring consistent growth and development in the marketplace. However, unfavourable condition might face when the business Table 2: Cash budget January-March April-June July-September October-December Revenue Cash balance 297992 348992 399992 450992 Sales 195000 195000 195000 195000 Total revenue 492992 543992 594992 645992 Expenses 60500 60500 60500 60500 Purchase 3500 3500 3500 3500 Loan 5000 5000 5000 5000 Electricity bill 75000 75000 75000 75000 Total expenses 144000 144000 144000 144000 Surplus/ deficit 348992 399992 450992 501992 The aforementioned budget is prepared on a quarterly basis in which in the first quarter business get surplus worth 348992 because the cash balance of the previous year is added in the revenue. In this manner, it becomes easy for the new restaurant in Sydney to ensure smooth operation without acquiring the loan. Furthermore, revenue or rate of return for the business is increasing in all the quarter. It proves to be effective in expanding the business in the future time span and meeting the requirement of the business in the right manner. Moreover, yearly expenses are divided per month so that it becomes easy for a corporation to have right control over the expenses and accordingly overall performance of the business can be managed in an effectual manner. A contingency plan for managing the financial needs For an implementation of new project or plan, there is need of contingency planning that helps to deal with the unexpected situations as well maintaining the financial health of the organization. For planning of financial needs for surviving in the crisis conditions would be involve following steps: Specific actions: The top amendment of an organization need to plan the specific actions for fund management for future by considering the multiple scenarios using the contingency planning. This kind of planning would involve opinion of stakeholder as well actions that have been taken by the competitor organizations in these situations (Iacoviello, 2015). For example, the organization will deposit some amount for the security of the business which can be used in this kind of situations to run the business without interruption. Adjustment in working capital: The contingency planning of business will involve the adjustment in the allocation and utilization of working capital to meet the financial needs of a particular situation. As the situation of business gets improved the management can increase the bonus accruals (Sadgrove, 2016). The preferable actions need to be taken to mitigate the situation of crisis. The prior adjustment by forecasting financial situations will be beneficial for an organization to meet the objectives. Assessment of revenue and resources allocation: the planning will be the focus on revenue and cost of the operations to make changes in the financial activities to have sufficient funds for maintaining the operational activities. The top management will assess revenue from the business as well make the distribution of resources accordingly which will help to receive certain benefits in the moment of crisis (Finch, 2016). For example, the management could influence the prices of products and services to maintain the financial investment. Break-even analysis The break-even point indicates that point from where the ratio of profitability can be derived. It assists corporation or management to under the situation of neither profit nor loss. The restaurant for hospital in Sydney would accordingly make huge profitability which aids to recover initial cost and meet the expectations of all related stakeholders. The below-mentioned calculation reflects the break-even point. At this juncture, operating expenses incurred from the first financial year is 320000 and long-term debt is 20000. On the other hand, sales revenue generated from the first financial year is 650000. Owing to this, 52.30% is considered as the break-even point. Operating Expenses + Long-term debt/sales (320000+20000)/650000=52.30% The break-even analysis has been conducted from the outcome of the cash flow of restaurant for hospital in Sydney. It is based on certain assumptions which are explained below the table. The below-mentioned table reflects sales turnover is keep on increasing which facilitate to cater the requirement of all related operational activities. However, additional expenses such as VAT and interest-free borrowing are generated by the business. In this manner, first financial year derived sales turnover worth 650000 whereas in the second year it was 780000 and the third year contain sales turnover worth 936000. This amount of sales turnover is considered as the final outcome or cash received for the respective financial years. Furthermore, cash expenses are incurred in hiring the raw material, labour that facilitates produce the final outcome for meeting the expectations of customers. However, no any kind of long-term assets would be purchased in the first financial year but later it would. Apart from this, a corporation will not pay the dividend because no such money has been borrowed. Owing to this, financing aspect of the business is secured whereby it becomes easy to meet the expectations of all related parties and increase the rate of return for the corporation. Moreover, management of the business incur expenses in acquiring the assets and paying the long-term debt so as to meet the short and long-term obligations on the right time. The aspect of meeting the short-term obligation on the time is helpful to maintain the successful operation of the business. This proves to be effective in deriving the valid outcome and supporting all related stakeholders of the business. On the other hand, it might be possible that cost of production increases with the variation in the cash expenses. For this purpose, tight control will be imposed by the management of the business in order to increase the rate of return. Table 3: Cash flow statement 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Cash inflows Operations Cash Sales 650000 780000 936,000 CASH FROM OPERATIONS 650000 780000 936000 Additional Cash VAT and other taxes 0 0 0 Current Borrowings 0 0 0 Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 0 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 0 0 Sales Current Assets 0 0 0 Investment 0 0 0 CASH RECEIVED 650000 780000 936000 Expenditures 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Operations Expenditures Cash expenses 220000 242000 266200 Bill and other payments 100000 300000 600000 OPERATIONS 320000 542000 866200 Extra Cash Spent VAT and other taxes 0 0 0 Principal Repayment on Borrowing 0 0 0 Other Liabilities Repayments made 0 0 0 Long-term Liabilities payments 20000 20000 20000 Current assets Purchased 12000 14000 18000 Long-term Assets Purchased 0 18000 18200 Dividend paid 0 0 0 CASH SPENT 352000 594000 922400 Net Cash Flow 298000 186000 13600 The sales revenue of the business will be increased by 20% in each financial year The expenses incurred in the production phase will be increased through 10% Uniqueness in the products and services reduces the need for marketing There will be the high or large number of customers. The firm will outperform in the marketplace as it would offer varied range of products and services The suppliers are easily approachable and they provide timely material of the production of safe and quality products. The new service of product which is being offered by new restaurant would be different from other competitors and perfectly meet the expectations of customers. Owing to this, sales turnover will be increased continuously. The cost of production or indirect cost might increase due to a poor economic condition. At this juncture, management might be in the need for acquiring sources. Therefore, the new restaurant in Sydney considers both positive and negative outcome and accordingly contingency plan has also been provided. Conclusion The aforementioned report concludes that management of new restaurant can easily manage its profitability and expenses by having control over different business activities. 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