South Africas Black Consciousness Movement

South Africa's Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a powerful understudy development during the 1970s in Apartheid South Africa. The Black Consciousness Movement advanced another character and governmental issues of racial solidarityâ and turned into the voice and soul of the counter politically-sanctioned racial segregation development when both the African National Congress and the Pan-Africanist Congress had been prohibited in the wake of the Sharpeville Massacre. The BCM arrived at its apex in the Soweto Student Uprising of 1976â but declined rapidly a short time later. Ascent of the Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement started in 1969 when African understudies left the National Union of South African Students, which was multiracial however white-commanded, and established the South African Students Organization (SASO). The SASO was an expressly non-white association open to understudies delegated African, Indian, or Colored under Apartheid Law. It was to bring together non-white understudies and give a voice to their complaints, however the SASO initiated a development that came to a long ways past understudies. After three years, in 1972, the pioneers of this Black Consciousness Movement shaped the Black People’s Convention (BPC) to connect with and electrify grown-ups and non-understudies. Points and Forerunners of the BCM Freely, the BCM intended to bind together and inspire non-white populaces, yet this implied barring a past partner, liberal enemy of politically-sanctioned racial segregation whites. As Steve Biko, the most unmistakable Black Consciousness pioneer, clarified, when activist patriots said that white individuals didn't have a place in South Africa, they implied that â€Å"we needed to expel [the white man] from our table, strip the table of all trappings put on it by him, improve it in obvious African style, settle down and afterward request that he go along with us on our own terms in the event that he liked.† The components of Black pride and festivity of dark culture connected the Black Consciousness Movement back to the works of W. E. B. Du Bois, just as the thoughts of dish Africanism and La Negritude development. It additionally emerged simultaneously as the Black Power development in the United States, and these developments enlivened one another; Black Consciousness was both aggressor and avowedly peaceful. The Black Consciousness development was likewise enlivened by the accomplishment of the FRELIMO in Mozambique.â Soweto and the Afterlives of the BCM The specific associations between the Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto Student Uprising are discussed, however for the Apartheid government, the associations were sufficiently clear. In the outcome of Soweto, the Black People’s Convention and a few other Black Consciousness developments were prohibited and their initiative captured, numerous in the wake of being beaten and tormented, including Steve Biko who kicked the bucket in police care. The BPC was mostly revived in the Azania People’s Organization, which is as yet dynamic in South African legislative issues. Sources Steve, Biko, I Write What I like: Steve Biko. A Selection of his Writings, ed. by Aelred Stubbs, African Writers Series. (Cambridge: Proquest, 2005), 69.Desai, Ashwin, â€Å"Indian South Africans and the Black Consciousness Movement under Apartheid.† Diaspora Studies 8.1 (2015): 37-50. Hirschmann, David. â€Å"The Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa.†Ã‚ The Journal of Modern African Studies. 28.1 (Mar., 1990): 1-22.

The Government of Athens and Sparthans

The nation of Greece in 400-500 B.C. was directed to enormity by two extraordinary city-states. These city-states were Athens and Sparta. These two states were as various as night and day. They were rivals and extremely assorted. As you read you will discover their disparities between their type of culture and government. The city-territory of Athens received a type of government which is presently called majority rules system. Majority rule government is the point at which the legislature is administered by the individuals. This administration comprised of a get together , a jury , and there was a chamber of 500 men more than 30 . The gathering chose such issues as to pronounce war or to go through cash. The chamber was utilized to settle on choices for the Athenian government. All men that were residents had the option to take an interest in a gathering , hold office , vote , and serve on a jury. Slaves couldn't do any of these things since they were not considered residents . The Athenian government was as comparable as the American government today (Meigas 32). Not at all like the administration of Athens the legislature of Sparta prospered as a privileged . This kind of government is the point at which a spot is managed by few individuals from the privileged . There was a Council of Elders , a gathering , and the five ephors. The Council of Elders was comprised of two rulers and 28 men beyond 60 years old. This gathering settled on making laws. The get together was made out of every male resident more than 30. The get together did numerous things. It chose government laborers and decided on laws that were presented by the Council of Elders. The ephors were chosen by the get together. The ephors were managers. They controlled slaves , led business with remote nations , and haggled with the rulers (Hornblower 35). The men of antiquated Athens were taught. From their adolescence until the ages of six or seven the men were shown home by their mom or a male slave. After the age of seven they went to an ordinary day school. At school they learned show, open talking, perusing, composing, and arithmetic . At the point when they arrived at the age of fourteen they went to a higher school for four additional years. At the higher school they learned more math , more science , and things about the administration. At the point when the men arrived at the age of 18 the were required to go to military school for 2 additional years. The Athenian men were gifted engineers , artists , and craftsmen. From them is the place we get incredible works known as The Odyssey and The Iliad by the author known as Homer (Meigas 123). The men of old Sparta were shrewd , smooth , and solid. During their youth the Spartan men were detracted from their folks. Being removed at seven years old , they were sent to military school. In the event that a youngster was not solid , he/she was left on a precipice to bite the dust of presentation. In the military school they lived in garisson huts. They were shown basic instincts , the continuance of agony , discipline , and sturdiness at the school. They were given little food and were urged to take. On the off chance that they were found taking they would get a beating. They were additionally whipped by more established kids in battles , so they could get extreme and solid. At 20 years old the Spartan men at long last became fighters. When they got hitched , they were just permitted to live in their own homes with their family at 30 years old. At this age they were viewed as equivalents. The military assistance for the Spartan men finished at 60 years old (Connolly 230). The Athenian ladies were exceptionally proficient and taught. The ladies were not considered residents and they were not permitted to hold property. The ladies got similar instruction as the Athenian men did. Despite the fact that the instruction was the equivalent, the ladies were not permitted to leave the family. They didn't go out on the town to shop or to get things done. Their better half did the vast majority of these things. The principle employment of the ladies was to run the family. She dealt with the family†s cash , the youngsters , and the slaves. She likewise spun fleece and made imaginative earthenware (Hornblower 145). In Sparta the lives of ladies were not normal for the lives of some other Greek polis. The Spartan state didn't take the scholastic training of a female genuinely. The physical training that the ladies had was exceptionally intense and overwhelming. They learned tumbling and vigorous exercise. They additionally had more opportunity then ladies of other city-states. They had the option to move all around , do the shopping , and control the house. They additionally had a great deal of opportunity from their spouses in light of the fact that their husbands lived in sleeping enclosure. More often than not the Spartan ladies dealt with fields and were doctors to the harmed Spartan warriors. They were considered as moms to every single Spartan officer (Connolly 260). This is the manner by which the way of life and the administration of the Greek city-conditions of Sparta and Athens was extraordinary. Each state had an alternate kind of instruction and an alternate force of how the legislature needed their polis to be. These city-states again were exceptionally various and extraordinary. In my thinking of you perceived how unique they were.

How Not to Fail College Test

How Not to Fail College Test 5 Ways Not to Fail College Test Home›Education Posts›5 Ways Not to Fail College Test Education PostsCollege test is one of the most difficult tasks during the whole year. It is highly important not to fail college test as this may lead to bad consequences. A lot of students are nervous before exams as they are not prepared to it. They are afraid of tests since during the year they laze around. But students should work hard and find time for studying since exams are around the corner.For this very reason, qualitycustomessays.com offers 5 useful ways not to fail college test:• Make notes. Students should always make notes during class. Professors give useful information during lectures which will then be in exams. That is why, don’t be lazy to take some notes.• Be attentive during class. Questions and tasks which will be in the test are always explained during classes. Pay attention to the professor’s words as this will help you to be more prepared and know more informatio n during your exams. This will reduce time for preparing for the test.• Do all assignments. If you write all papers and do all needed assignments during the year, this will help you during test. Doing all tasks greatly increases your chances to receive a good grade during exam.• Review information a day before the test. A day before the test, read all your notes again, this will help you to remember all essential points. It is very important to review the information as you will easily remember those points which you read yesterday.• Relax during test. Don’t be nervous during exam. When people are nervous, they forget important things. Take your time, pull yourself together, and everything will be alright.Consider these recommendations and don’t forget that college is a place where you should study. If you study during the year, you won’t have to worry about the tests.

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay

Description The patient presents with dementia, poor posture (her chin close to her chest) and dislikes solids, there for has to be assisted to feed and chooses only to consume liquids. Her communication skills are also poor and doesn’t have the capacity to engage in a flowing conversation but has the ability to answer a question using the words ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or by saying individual words. I was given the task of feeding the patient at lunch time as she requires one to one support at meal times due to her lack of willingness to consume solids and fluids. It is extremely important to maintain good fluid intake to reduce the chance of dehydration which could contribute to increased confusion in a dementia patient. To prevent this,†¦show more content†¦I chatted in general conversation with her to give her sufficient time to digest her intake then offered her further fluids to which she stated ‘no more’. Satisfied she had had enough, I removed her apron and directed her to the lounge area and then discussed the task with my mentor. Feelings/thoughts Before I started this task I felt slightly anxious as it was the first time I had supported this patient on a one to one basis. I was unsure of how she would react to me as I was an unfamiliar face to her in relation to her feeding and I had previously witnessed her being very verbally aggressive, trying to leave her chair and showing signs of frustration during meal times with other trained, experienced staff on the ward. Throughout the task I felt my confidence increased as the patient was fairly compliant with what I was trying to achieve, this made me become more relaxed and less anxious which I feel eased the mood of the whole experience. After completing the task I felt satisfied that I had achieved what was required whilst undertaking a person-centred personalised approach to meet the needs of the patient. Evaluation I felt that I achieved the desired outcome which was to ensure the patient consumed an adequate volume of fluids during meal time whilst promoting a person – centred approach to their care as I ensured the patient enjoyedShow MoreRelatedUnderstand the diversity of individuals with dementia and the importance of inclusion1716 Words   |  7 Pages4222-370] ( Written questions [Outcome 1] Understand the concept of diversity and its relevance to working with individuals who have dementia 1.1- explain what is meant by the terms †¢ diversity The Service Users i deliver care to are all different in many ways.This can be along the dimensions of gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, physical abilities, political beliefs, religious beliefs or other ideologies. This means that i have to be aware of a person’sRead MoreDementi A Progressive Mental Disorder1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are approximately 120,000 people that have been diagnosed with dementia or a related condition. Dementia is a progressive mental disorder characterized as the deterioration of intelligence and personality (Myers, 2009). By 2031 the number of people living with dementia will drastically increase to 750,000 due to the aging baby boomers population (Statistics Canada, 2013; Black, et al., 2010). People living with dementia require assistance with activities of daily living (ADL); this assistanceRead MoreThe Benefits Of Caregiver Information And Services In The Community1058 Words   |  5 Pages. Thi s includes information on programs designed to give caregivers a break, financial assistance programs which benefit caregivers, education and training programs, and support groups for caregivers. 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The stress and burden providing for a loved one can be overwhelming and impactful. Analysis Dementia has a significant impact on family caregivers’ mental, physical and emotional health. Although previous research focuses heavily on the negative outcomes, researchers are shifting to evaluate the positives caregivers encounter when caring for a loved one with dementia. While there is a plethoraRead MoreAssignment 371 Dementia Essay examples924 Words   |  4 Pagesforms of dementia can affect the way an individual communicates. All forms of dementia can affect the way a person communicates, so in time they may have to find different ways of expressing themselves and their feelings. As a carer your non-verbal communication will become important, your body language, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact and tone of voice will have to be taken into account when you are communicating with a sufferer. 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Biography of Folk Singer and Activist Joan Baez

Baez was known for her soprano voice, her haunting songs, and her long black hair early in her career — until she cut it in 1968. Joan Baez Biography Joan Baez was born on January 9, 1941, in Staten Island, New York. Her father Albert Baez was a physicist born in Mexico, while her mother was of Scottish and English descent. She grew up in New York and California, and when her father took a faculty position in Massachusetts, she attended Boston University and began to sing in coffeehouses and small clubs in Boston and Cambridge, and later in the Greenwich Village section of New York City. Bob Gibson invited her to attend the 1959 Newport Folk Festival where she was a hit; she appeared again at Newport in 1960. Vanguard Records, known for promoting folk music, signed Baez and in 1960 her first album,  Joan Baez, came out. She moved to California in 1961. Her second album, Volume 2, proved to be her first commercial success.  Her first three albums focused on traditional folk ballads. Her fourth album, In Concert, Part 2, began to move into more contemporary folk music and protest songs.  She included on that album â€Å"We Shall Overcome† which, as an evolution of an old gospel song, was becoming a civil rights anthem. Baez in the 1960s Baez met Bob Dylan in April of 1961 in Greenwich Village. She performed with him periodically and spent a lot of time with him from 1963 to 1965. Her covers of such Dylan songs as â€Å"Don’t Think Twice† helped bring him his own recognition. Subjected to racial slurs and discrimination in her own childhood because of her Mexican heritage and features, Joan Baez became involved with a variety of social causes early in her career, including  civil rights  and nonviolence. She was sometimes jailed for her protests. In 1965, she founded the Institute for the Study of Nonviolence, based in California. As a Quaker, she refused to pay a part of her income tax that she believed would go to pay for military spending. She refused to play in any segregated venues, which meant that when she toured the South, she only played at black colleges. Joan Baez recorded more mainstream popular songs in the later 1960s, including from Leonard Cohen (â€Å"Suzanne†), Simon and Garfunkel and Lennon and McCartney of the Beatles (â€Å"Imagine†). She recorded six of her albums in Nashville starting in 1968. All the songs on her 1969 Any Day Now, a two-record set, were composed by Bob Dylan. Her version of â€Å"Joe Hill† on One Day at a Time helped bring that tune to wider public attention.  She also covered songs by country songwriters including Willie Nelson and Hoyt Axton. In 1967, the Daughters of the American Revolution denied Joan Baez permission to perform at Constitution Hall, resonating with their famous denial of the same privilege to  Marian Anderson. Baez’ concert was also moved to the mall, as Marian Anderson’s had been: Baez performed at the Washington Monument and drew 30,000. Al Capp parodied her in his â€Å"Li’l Abner† comic strip as â€Å"Joanie Phonie† that same year. Lil Abner is the ultimate inspiration behind the Sadie Hawkins character, an empowered female who asks men out instead of waiting for them to ask her. Baez in the 1970s Joan Baez married David Harris, a Vietnam draft protestor, in 1968, and he was in jail for most of the years of their marriage. They divorced in 1973, after having one child, Gabriel Earl. In 1970, she participated in the documentary â€Å"Carry It On,† including film of 13 songs in concert, about her life through that time. She drew much criticism for a tour of North Vietnam in 1972. In the 1970s, she began composing her own music. Her â€Å"To Bobby† was written honoring her long relationship with Bob Dylan.  She also recorded her sister Mimi Farina’s work. In 1972, she signed with AM Records. From 1975 to 1976, Joan Baez toured with Bob Dylan’s Rolling Thunder Review, resulting in a documentary of the tour. She moved to Portrait Records for two more albums. The 1980s-2010s In 1979, Baez helped form Humanitas International. She toured in the 1980s for human rights and pace, supporting the Solidarity movement in Poland. She toured in 1985 for Amnesty International and was part of the Live Aid concert. She published her autobiography in 1987 as And a Voice to Sing With, and moved to a new label, Gold Castle.  The 1987 album Recently included a pacifist hymn and another gospel classic made famous by Marian Anderson, â€Å"Let Us Break Bread Together,† and two songs about South Africa’s freedom struggle. She closed down Humanitas International in 1992 to focus on her music, then recorded Play Me Backwards (1992) and Ring Them Bells (1995), for Virgin and Guardian Records, respectively. Play Me Backwards included songs by Janis Ian and Mary Chapin Carpenter. In 1993 Baez performed in Sarajevo, then in the midst of a war. She continued recording into the early 2000s, and PBS highlighted her work with an American Masters segment in 2009. Joan Baez had always been quite politically active, but she had largely stayed out of partisan politics, endorsing her first candidate for public office in 2008 when she supported Barack Obama. In 2011 Baez performed in New York City for the Occupy Wall Street activists. Discography 1960: Joan Baez Vol. 1 (remastered 2001)1961: Joan Baez Vol. 2 (remastered 2001)1964: Joan Baez 5 - 2002 version with bonus tracks1965: Farewell, Angelina1967: Joan1969: Any Day Now: Songs of Bob Dylan1969: Davids Album1970: The First Ten Years1971: Carry It On1972: Blessed Are...1972: Come From the Shadows1974: Gracias a la Vida (Heres to Life)1975: Diamonds and Rust1976: The Lovesong Album1977: Best of Joan Baez1979: Honest Lullaby1979: The Joan Baez Country Music Album1982: Very Early Joan Baez1984: Ballad Book Vol. 11984: Ballad Book Vol. 21987: Recently1990: Blowin Away1991: Brothers in Arms1992: No Woman No Cry1992: Play Me Backwards1993: From Every Stage1993: Rare, Live and Classic (box)1995: Ring Them Bells (winter holiday and Christmas)1996: Greatest Hits (remastered)1996: Speaking of Dreams1997: Gone From Danger1998: Baez Sings Dylan1999: 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection1960: Joan Baez Vol. 1 (remastered 2001)1961: Joan Baez Vol. 2 (remastered 2001)1964: Joan Baez 5 - 2002 version with bonus tracks2003: Dark Chords on a Big Guitar2005: Bowery Songs2007: Ring Them Bells (reissue with bonus tracks)2008: Day After Tomorrow2011: Queen of Folk Music Joan Baez Quotes The concert becomes a context of its own, and thats whats beautiful about being able to stand up there—that I can say what I want, put the songs where I want them and, hopefully, give people an evening of beautiful music as well. (1979)Action is the antidote to despair. Sources Baez, Joan. And a Voice to Sing With. 1987.Baez, Joan. The Joan Baez Songbook: P/V/G Folio. 1992.Hajdu, David.  Positively 4th Street: The Lives and Times of Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Mimi Baez Farina, and Richard Farina. 2011.ï » ¿Swanekamp, Joan.  Diamonds and Rust: A Bibliography and Discography on Joan Baez. 1979.

Final Descriptive Writing Free Essays

Anton Meriwether When you are trying to write a descriptive piece then it is best to describe everything in a very visual way to that would make the reader use it’s five senses. Using the five senses in a descriptive writing really elevates your piece and makes it stand out. I’m from a small city in northern Indiana where not many people visit even actually hardly at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Descriptive Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The city is off the coast of Lake Michigan which creates a slight cold breeze in middle of December and all of January. The city is called Michigan City, Indiana. Have you ever heard of The Blue Chip Casino? Of course you have I mean who haven’t. The Blue Chip Casino is like a boat casino and it is also the tallest building in the whole city. The Casino sits at one end Of Michigan Blvd which is one of the main roads in the city and also one of the longest. Another thing about the city is a place called The Dunes. The Dunes is a big sand hill that depending on the weather will burn your feet. The Dunes is a great place to go if you’re looking to have some fun walking n sand and also going to the beach. Hearing the beach at night just calms you down no matter what is going on because, hearing the breeze flow over the lake creates a sound that can’t be mimicked by technology which is very rare nowadays. Michigan City is a good place to visit but of course every city has its down falls I mean Atlanta is too big like huge for no reason at all, no seriously, really dumb big and parking is expensive and can’t even drive yet and I’m saying, it’s just ridiculous, but back to the task at hand. One problem about Michigan City is the weather, if you are not used to cold weather or don’t like it then it’s not your place because it gets freezing, iceman, Antarctica, I’m staying inside the house cold. That is a descriptive writing that includes all five senses. When you use all the senses then you are truly writing a descriptive writing, because how can you describe something without using the senses, I mean, you not even describing anything all you are doing is just talking about it and that won’t get my attention. I hope this helps you become a better descriptive writer. How to cite Final Descriptive Writing, Essays

Grant Application or Business Case †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Grant Application or Business Case. Answer: Introduction: In the current scenario, the food industry is growing with rapid speed and having significant contribution in the GDP and tourism activities of the nations. The planning of business about food restaurant in hospital will require skilled human resources who can help in the development of menu, planning of operations, preparation and delivery of the food. The infrastructure and implementation of technical tools for taking the order and offering the information to the customer. The prior planning of business and development of the roadmap of the business would be beneficial for the management. The opening of the restaurant to provide food in the hospital in Sidney, Australia would be the major task that will require financial resources to establish the restaurant. For starting the business in Australia the option of the opening of food restaurant in hospital would be more feasible (Fuller, 2016). The supply of the services would be manageable as there are many vendors are available for offering the raw material to prepare the food in hospital according to menu and requirements of customers. The consideration of issues of economy, human resources and implementation of technical resources would be the major concern of the management to meet the objectives. To meet the needs of local and international customers. To offer high-quality food and services. To gain profit from the organization. The small business unit requires funds for managing the following operations in the business which are playing vital role in the planning and implantation of business project, Working capital: For starting the business sufficient amount of working capital is required which is the major reason for funding. The working capital helps to maintain the health of the business that can be gain from the external sources like banking institute and investors. A loan can help the management to cover the short-term fund requirements of business to grow to meet the needs of customers and supplier for food restaurants in hospital (Junior.et al. 2016). This kind of approach in funding of working capital will help the organization to gain the advantage of new opportunities by investing in the development of new products and services for customers. Asset purchase: In the business of food restaurant in hospital, the funds are required for purchasing of assets to prepare and deliver the food to the customers. The major assets of the restaurant are furniture, determination of quality interior and ambience as well human resources. In the current scenario, customer demands entertainment too with food so implementation of equipments like music system, big projector screen as well development of facilities would be requires funding. The setup of kitchen and machinery for preparing and offering the food demand funds (Wray.et al. 2015). Cash flow: the process of owning a business can be a roller coaster especially in a hard time of slow demand and the weak economy. To survive in these conditions the management will require funds to maintain the cost of the basic operations and pay to the human resources. For that reason, owner of the restaurant will need funds to keep the ship afloat. Inventory: For the food product and services business in hospital, inventory of the raw material plays the critical role in the management of timely services (Malherbe, 2015). The prior forecasting and availability of raw material are essential to meet the needs and demand of the customer. This would be a major reason for funding in the business. For opening the restaurant in hospital the location Sydney is selected as there football of international and local people is high that are looking for quality food and services to spend some quality time with the friends and family members. The growth of food industry is 8% which indicates that business of food restaurant would have potential to grow with the effectiveness. According to analysis, the demand for quality food and services is high in the selected region of Australia. The business process of food is beneficial for management as a demand of verity food is increasing as people are investing on quality food and services that are encouraging the food business. By considering information, the financial required are high for the establishment of a restaurant as a development of infrastructure and recruitment of skilled human resource will be important (Begenau, 2016). The major food business is also having significant contribution in the GDP and attraction of tourist to the particular location. Preparation of the budget The budget has been prepared for the first financial year which consists of all related activities regarding the operation of the restaurant in hospital in Sydney. This facilitates corporation in integrating all related resources because right forecasting is done for the material needed in the manufacturing of several products and services. On the other hand, forecasting from the zero-based cash budget assists management of new restaurant to access cost-effective sources and ensure the successful operation of the business for longer time span. The budget of the business has been prepared in accordance with the outcome presented in the cash flow statement. For this purpose, each year is considered as the financial year and accordingly amount of revenue and expenses has been divided for each year. It is assumed that amount of expenses will remain same in all months of the single financial year. This helps management keep a record of the expenses in a more effective manner. Table 1: Zero-based cash budget January February March April May June July August September October November December Revenue Cash balance 24832.7 49665.3 74498 99330.7 124163 148996 173829 198661 223494 248327 273159 Sales 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 Total revenue 54166 78998.7 103831 128664 153497 178329 203162 227995 252827 277660 302493 327325 Expenses 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 Purchase 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Loan 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 Electricity bill 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 Total expense 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 Surplus/ deficit 24832.7 49665.3 74498 99330.7 124163 148996 173829 198661 223494 248327 273159 297992 The above-mentioned budget shows that in every year the company will increase its revenue because of its unique identity in the marketplace and meeting the expectations of customers. However, loan or long-term debt will be paid on time every month so as to reduce the financial burden. It aids to achieve the long as well as short-term objectives of the business as management would be able to arrange other resources accordingly. The constant increase or rise in the profitability of restaurant in hospital in Sydney shows that it can effectively recover the cost of production and increase the overall rate of return. This aids to cater the requirement of the business and shed light on its expansion for a long term. Build-up of the budget from a zero-based The budget for the second financial year has been prepared as follows where the outcome generated from first financial year considered (Malherbe, 2015). This enables management of restaurant in hospital in Sydney to estimate the requirement of the financial resources and accordingly access suitable sources. However, the below-mentioned budget reflects that company is not required to acquire the financial resources from any other party. The most significant or crucial aspect is that firm has control over its expenses so that accordingly revenue is increased. This, in turn, the company is ensuring consistent growth and development in the marketplace. However, unfavourable condition might face when the business Table 2: Cash budget January-March April-June July-September October-December Revenue Cash balance 297992 348992 399992 450992 Sales 195000 195000 195000 195000 Total revenue 492992 543992 594992 645992 Expenses 60500 60500 60500 60500 Purchase 3500 3500 3500 3500 Loan 5000 5000 5000 5000 Electricity bill 75000 75000 75000 75000 Total expenses 144000 144000 144000 144000 Surplus/ deficit 348992 399992 450992 501992 The aforementioned budget is prepared on a quarterly basis in which in the first quarter business get surplus worth 348992 because the cash balance of the previous year is added in the revenue. In this manner, it becomes easy for the new restaurant in Sydney to ensure smooth operation without acquiring the loan. Furthermore, revenue or rate of return for the business is increasing in all the quarter. It proves to be effective in expanding the business in the future time span and meeting the requirement of the business in the right manner. Moreover, yearly expenses are divided per month so that it becomes easy for a corporation to have right control over the expenses and accordingly overall performance of the business can be managed in an effectual manner. A contingency plan for managing the financial needs For an implementation of new project or plan, there is need of contingency planning that helps to deal with the unexpected situations as well maintaining the financial health of the organization. For planning of financial needs for surviving in the crisis conditions would be involve following steps: Specific actions: The top amendment of an organization need to plan the specific actions for fund management for future by considering the multiple scenarios using the contingency planning. This kind of planning would involve opinion of stakeholder as well actions that have been taken by the competitor organizations in these situations (Iacoviello, 2015). For example, the organization will deposit some amount for the security of the business which can be used in this kind of situations to run the business without interruption. Adjustment in working capital: The contingency planning of business will involve the adjustment in the allocation and utilization of working capital to meet the financial needs of a particular situation. As the situation of business gets improved the management can increase the bonus accruals (Sadgrove, 2016). The preferable actions need to be taken to mitigate the situation of crisis. The prior adjustment by forecasting financial situations will be beneficial for an organization to meet the objectives. Assessment of revenue and resources allocation: the planning will be the focus on revenue and cost of the operations to make changes in the financial activities to have sufficient funds for maintaining the operational activities. The top management will assess revenue from the business as well make the distribution of resources accordingly which will help to receive certain benefits in the moment of crisis (Finch, 2016). For example, the management could influence the prices of products and services to maintain the financial investment. Break-even analysis The break-even point indicates that point from where the ratio of profitability can be derived. It assists corporation or management to under the situation of neither profit nor loss. The restaurant for hospital in Sydney would accordingly make huge profitability which aids to recover initial cost and meet the expectations of all related stakeholders. The below-mentioned calculation reflects the break-even point. At this juncture, operating expenses incurred from the first financial year is 320000 and long-term debt is 20000. On the other hand, sales revenue generated from the first financial year is 650000. Owing to this, 52.30% is considered as the break-even point. Operating Expenses + Long-term debt/sales (320000+20000)/650000=52.30% The break-even analysis has been conducted from the outcome of the cash flow of restaurant for hospital in Sydney. It is based on certain assumptions which are explained below the table. The below-mentioned table reflects sales turnover is keep on increasing which facilitate to cater the requirement of all related operational activities. However, additional expenses such as VAT and interest-free borrowing are generated by the business. In this manner, first financial year derived sales turnover worth 650000 whereas in the second year it was 780000 and the third year contain sales turnover worth 936000. This amount of sales turnover is considered as the final outcome or cash received for the respective financial years. Furthermore, cash expenses are incurred in hiring the raw material, labour that facilitates produce the final outcome for meeting the expectations of customers. However, no any kind of long-term assets would be purchased in the first financial year but later it would. Apart from this, a corporation will not pay the dividend because no such money has been borrowed. Owing to this, financing aspect of the business is secured whereby it becomes easy to meet the expectations of all related parties and increase the rate of return for the corporation. Moreover, management of the business incur expenses in acquiring the assets and paying the long-term debt so as to meet the short and long-term obligations on the right time. The aspect of meeting the short-term obligation on the time is helpful to maintain the successful operation of the business. This proves to be effective in deriving the valid outcome and supporting all related stakeholders of the business. On the other hand, it might be possible that cost of production increases with the variation in the cash expenses. For this purpose, tight control will be imposed by the management of the business in order to increase the rate of return. Table 3: Cash flow statement 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Cash inflows Operations Cash Sales 650000 780000 936,000 CASH FROM OPERATIONS 650000 780000 936000 Additional Cash VAT and other taxes 0 0 0 Current Borrowings 0 0 0 Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 0 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 0 0 Sales Current Assets 0 0 0 Investment 0 0 0 CASH RECEIVED 650000 780000 936000 Expenditures 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Operations Expenditures Cash expenses 220000 242000 266200 Bill and other payments 100000 300000 600000 OPERATIONS 320000 542000 866200 Extra Cash Spent VAT and other taxes 0 0 0 Principal Repayment on Borrowing 0 0 0 Other Liabilities Repayments made 0 0 0 Long-term Liabilities payments 20000 20000 20000 Current assets Purchased 12000 14000 18000 Long-term Assets Purchased 0 18000 18200 Dividend paid 0 0 0 CASH SPENT 352000 594000 922400 Net Cash Flow 298000 186000 13600 The sales revenue of the business will be increased by 20% in each financial year The expenses incurred in the production phase will be increased through 10% Uniqueness in the products and services reduces the need for marketing There will be the high or large number of customers. The firm will outperform in the marketplace as it would offer varied range of products and services The suppliers are easily approachable and they provide timely material of the production of safe and quality products. The new service of product which is being offered by new restaurant would be different from other competitors and perfectly meet the expectations of customers. Owing to this, sales turnover will be increased continuously. The cost of production or indirect cost might increase due to a poor economic condition. At this juncture, management might be in the need for acquiring sources. Therefore, the new restaurant in Sydney considers both positive and negative outcome and accordingly contingency plan has also been provided. Conclusion The aforementioned report concludes that management of new restaurant can easily manage its profitability and expenses by having control over different business activities. It can also be said that At this juncture, the price of products might be increased so as to recover the cost and increase the rate of return from the business. Also, training can be provided to personnel so they focus on the quality of products and services whereby sales can be increased automatically. References Begenau, J., 2016. Capital requirements, risk choice, and liquidity provision in a business cycle model. Finch, B., 2016.How to write a business plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Fuller, G.W., 2016.New food product development: from concept to marketplace. CRC Press. Iacoviello, M., 2015. Financial business cycles.Review of Economic Dynamics,18(1), pp.140-163. Junior, E.L.C. and Morand, C., 2016. Interest of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) as a new natural functional food to preserve human cardiovascular healthA review.Journal of Functional Foods,21, pp.440-454. Malherbe, F., 2015. Optimal capital requirements over the business and financial cycles. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Wray, H.E., Grant, S., Kofman, E. and Peel, C., 2015. Family friendly? The impact on children of the family migration rules: a review of the financial requirements.

International Strategic Workforce Planning

Empirical research o n rti in Central Information Essays - India

Empirical research o n rti in Central Information Essays - India empirical research o n rti in Central Information commission Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Chapter I: Introduction PAGEREF _Toc373924028 \h 1 1.Overview PAGEREF _Toc373924029 \h 1 2.Review of Literature PAGEREF _Toc373924030 \h 1 3.Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc373924031 \h 3 4.Hypothesis PAGEREF _Toc373924032 \h 3 5.Objective of Research PAGEREF _Toc373924033 \h 3 6.Rationale of Research PAGEREF _Toc373924036 \h 3 7.Research Methodology and Design PAGEREF _Toc373924037 \h 3 8.Scheme of research PAGEREF _Toc373924038 \h 4 chapter II: Theoretical analysis PAGEREF _Toc373924039 \h 5 chapter III: Empirical analysis PAGEREF _Toc373924040 \h 10 Chapter IV- Recommendations and Suggestions PAGEREF _Toc373924041 \h 12 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc373924042 \h 13 Annexure I.14 Chapter I: Introduction Overview The Right to Information Act, 2005 came into force after the Freedom of Information Act, 2002 was repealed. This act came in with the basic objective to promote openness, transparency and accountability in administration. In the case of S.P. Gupta v. President of India, the Supreme Court first mentioned that "The right to know, receive and import information has been recognised within the right to freedom of speech and expression. A citizen has a fundamental right to use the best means of imparting and receiving information and as such to have an access to telecasting for the purpose." Thus, the right to information has been considered as a basic feature of the Constitution fundamental right under article 19 (1). Corruption which had taken root at all levels of governance had prevented a clear and uninhibited flow of information from the state to the government. Unlike many other countries (for e.g. UK) which took several years to operationalise the Act post the enactment, India took only a few months to bring it into force. This time was inadequate to change the mindset of the people in Government, create infrastructure, develop new processes and build capacity to deliver information under this Act. Thus, the aim of the paper is to see if there are any shortcomings to the RTI Act and what can be done to mend the loopholes left by the legislature. Review of Literature To make this paper the researcher has used the help of various books, articles and cases to come up with a suitable research and a conclusive answer Books Articles Subhash C. Kashyap , Constitutional Law of India, 3rd Ed, Volume 2, 2008, Wadhwa and Wadhwa , Nagpur . Key Issues and Constraints in implementing the RTI Act, Final Understanding the "Key Issues and Constraints" in implementing the RTI Act, PricewaterhouseCoopers. Final Understanding the "Key Issues and Constraints" in implementing the RTI Act, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Annexure I. RIGHT TO INFORMATION- A STUDY, Orissa Review , Nov ., 2006. http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Parliament_of_India.pdf . Abhinav Garg , Private schools fall under RTI: Court, Times of India, Published on May 3, 2013, 02.45AM IST, accessed at http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-03/news/39008319_1_ews-quota-private-unaided-schools Press Release by Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances Pensions, Amendment to the Right to Information Act, 2005, Accesed at http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=97577 . Guide For Public Authorities, accessed from http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02rti/1_4_2008_IR(Eng).pdf Cases S.P. Gupta v. President AIR 1982 SC 149 Tamil Nadu Road Development Co. Ltd. Vs. Tamil Nadu Information Commission and Anr (2008) 145 CompCas 248(Mad) Ravneet Kaur v. The Christian Medical College AIR 1998 PH 1 D.A.V. College Trust and Management Society and Ors. Vs. Director of Public Instruction and Ors AIR2008P H117 Chandigarh University, Village Gharuan v State of Punjab others AIR 2013 PH 187 Shri Nisa Ahmed Srika and others v. LIC housing Finance Limited and Others CIC/AT/A/2007/0735, 729, 1370 and .CIC/AT/A/2008/1420 Shri Subhash Chandra Aggarwal and Anr v. Indian National Congress/ All India Congress Committee (AICC) and Others CIC/SM/C/2011/001386. Research Questions What is the scope of Public Authority under section 2 (h)? Should political parties be included under the scope of Public authority? Hypothesis The researcher thinks that the scope of public authority can be expanded through interpretation and should be expanded to cover all possible public bodies. Objective of Research To see how the scope of "public authority" is expanding and why there is a need to expand this word. To see why political parties should come within the scope of "Public Authority" Rationale of Research The reason why the researcher took such an endeavour because as much as understanding the efficacy of the Act is essential, an even more essential aspect is

Economics of Organisations TAKE HOME EXAM (Third Writer) Essay

Economics of Organisations TAKE HOME EXAM (Third Writer) - Essay Example The profits rolled in, and Ford's workers shared in the wealth: an ironic beginning for an auto company that would go on to be a notorious enemy of labor in the 1930s and 1940s." At that time, $5 per day was an extremely high wage to pay manual workers in factories such as the Ford facilities. It was hard enough to even have a job in the first place at the time Ford made this major move, so it was indeed a shock. The economy was really in a shaky situation, as it is today. Having a job at all at that time was considered to be very good luck. People who did have jobs worked very hard-much harder than many manual laborers do today. They did not expect handouts from the government, as many of the unemployed in today's world find themselves doing, whether they are in a situation where they can help it or not. Workers back then were tough, and they certainly weren't freeloaders. Back in ancient Rome, welfare ruined the city and actually led to its failure. The government handed out money to a few greedy companies, those companies went under, and the rest of the city went under with them. This is definitely not a scenario one wants to see happen again. It is also possible that, at that time, Ford had a monopoly on the automobile industry and his altruistic nature guided him to share his excess profits with his employees. The root of the $5-a-day Workday was the success of the moving as... According to the work at History.com (2009 p. 1), "After the success of the moving assembly line, Henry Ford had another transformative idea: in January 1914, he startled the world by announcing that Ford Motor Company would pay $5 a day to its workers. The pay increase would also be accompanied by a shorter workday (from nine to eight hours). While this rate didn't automatically apply to every worker, it more than doubled the average autoworker's wage. While Henry's primary objective was to reduce worker attrition-labor turnover from monotonous assembly line work was high-newspapers from all over the world reported the story as an extraordinary gesture of goodwill." The new wage made thousands of manual laborers flock to Ford's manufacturing facilities. People came all the way from all over the United States to Ford's Detroit plant, and they even came from Europe. Employee turnover, of course, practically vanished. According to History (2009, p. 1), "Henry Ford had reasoned that since it was now possible to build inexpensive cars in volume, more of them could be sold if employees could afford to buy them. The $5 day helped better the lot of all American workers and contributed to the emergence of the American middle class. In the process, Henry Ford had changed manufacturing forever." The following shows an announcement of Ford's plans to raise their wages to $5-a-day: Figure 1: Announcement Source: Ford.com References Henry Ford's $5-a-Day Revolution 2009. Ford. Available at http://www.ford.com/about-ford/heritage/milestones/5dollaraday/677-5-dollar-a-day Ford Sets Record Wages 2009. History. Available at

Globalization and unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization and unemployment - Research Paper Example This has been as a result of opening up of trade barriers by counties and liberalization of markets. Globalization has also improved flow of information among different countries due to increased technological advancement. Business has been able to make use this opportunity through opening up various branches in the world as it has become easy to operate various businesses in the world through decentralized management (Wagner, 2000). Literature review Historical perspective of globalization Globalization history can be traced from the time people started moving others out of Africa to other parts of the world to work as slaves. Since then people have integrated immensely leading to a world with a generation that lacks cultural identity. Since then people has intermarried with each other leading to erosion of their identity. The level of globalization increased the level of technology since the period between first and second war. Since this time people have been trying to conquer dif ferent parts of the world (Wagner, 2000, p. 40). The world has even gone ahead to establish global organizations that are mandated with governing the globe e.g. international monetary funds, World Bank and United nations. Cultural and social impact of globalization One major impact that globalization is has brought is erosion of culture as a result of flow of information from different parts of the world. Currently, it has become so easy to get access to information from different countries at the current time. Some of the western culture has therefore, been integrated in societies that had previously maintained their cultures. This has made these communities to uphold new culture and do away with their culture (Wagner, 2000, p. 56). Globalization has seen introduction of unethical cultures from other parts of the world. Current technological advancement have seen increased sharing of information e.g. in social networks. As a result it has become so easy for the terrorist to plan an d execute crimes. Other behaviors that have seen tremendous increase include prostitution and drug abuse. The most affected are the young people who try to copy great musicians and celebrities. This has increased crime rate in different cities in America (Wagner, 2000). Globalization has increased the level of interaction of different people in the world therefore making the world a global village. An individual can be able to move from one place to another easily due to technological advancement. This has increased cultural interaction among different people in the world. People have been able to learn from other’s cultures on different aspects that their culture lacks. This has played a greater role in increasing cultural understanding among different people in the world. Globalization has resulted in social stratification and division of roles in the society. Since time when globalization started taking place, the family roles have changed tremendously. Initially women mai n role was to raise children and take care of their husbands. These roles have changed with more women entering the job market. Women has gone ahead to take up high positions in various organizations in the world. On the other hand, husbands have become involved closely with family matters e.g. caring for children unlike in the past where such a role was wholly

Causes and Effects of Abortion

Causes and Effects of Abortion INTRODUCTION: Abortion means termination of pregnancy – it can either be spontaneous or induced. Spontaneous is known as miscarriage, while induced simply means termination of a pregnancy which is planned. Recently, the statistics have shown an increase in abortion rate year after year. Abortion can cause by social, economic or pregnant women health condition as well. However, it will lead to a number of negative effect toward pregnant women’ health, and social as too. Abortion is an activity banned in certain country, such as North Carolina and Hawaii (Nationwide abortion procedure ban update 1998). This activity can define as a termination of pregnancy; it can be either spontaneous or induced. Spontaneous is known as miscarriage, while induced simply means that termination of a pregnancy which is planned (Abortion 2001). The latest statistics have shown an increase in abortion rate year by year, it is unfavorable fact. It can cause by social, economic or pregnant women health condition as well. However, it will lead to a number of negative effects toward pregnant woman’s health and social too. Social issue can be one of the big factors which cause abortion rate increase day after day, such as crime act. We are unable to deny that the frequency of crime cases in our nation is slightly high. There is a real case which takes place in the previous month, April, which a student from Kolej Tunku Abdul Rahman (Ktar) was rape by the college’s security guard, the victim is only eighteen years old, because of this bad experience, the victim it will be confront with long term influence, which mean that she will not only affect in the aspect of physically but also physiology, and it probably need to take some time to cure towards the bad incident and unfortunate. For those pregnancies result from rape or insect, these women who are victims of the assaults often seen abortions (Abortion- Reasons for abortions 2007). Incest can be defined as sexual relations between persons who are so closely related that their marriage is illegal or forbidden by custom (Incest 2001). The probabi lity of the fetus get from incest will be deformity is slightly high because the parties may have blood-relation between themselves. Most of the women, however, decide to have an abortion because the pregnancy will represents a problem in their future and current lives as well. Besides that, there is also an evidence abounds that a high proportion of women become pregnant unintentionally, in both developed and developing countries. In the United States and in some Eastern European countries for which data are available, about on-half to three-fifths of all pregnancies are unintended, and a large proportion of these are resolved through abortion. And in many developing countries, the proportion of recent births that are unintended exceeds 40%. The level of unintended pregnancy for developing countries would be even higher if more accurate abortion information were available, since most abortions represent, by definition, unintended pregnancies (Reasons why women have induced abortion s: evidence 1998). Education level in a certain country may affect the idea of the abortion practice in the public mind. However, lower level of education possibly will encourage the people enter into a casual sexual relationship which will leads to pregnancy with no prospect of marriage. Even if the sexual relationship is more than casual, abortion is may be needed because a woman decides that the social status of the male is improper (Abortion- Reasons for abortions 2007). Sexually active teenagers are at an immediate risk of becoming pregnant or acquiring a sexually transmitted infection. Young sexually active teens are much less likely than older teens to use contraception consistently, however, the vast majority of teenage pregnancies are unintended, and close to half of those accidental pregnancies which is 45% end in an abortion. Teens may choose to have an abortion because they have concerns about how the baby would change their lives, for example completing their education, and they will worry about the financial problems, or they feel that they are not mature enough to become a parent, abortion levels can decline if the high rate of unintended pregnancies is reduced or if more pregnant teens are carrying their pregnancy to term (Teen abortions 2003). In addition, young pregnant women will be short of experience in taking care the baby, and so they also unable to foreseen the baby’s later life, because of that, they may decide to terminate the pregnancy rather than carry on the fetus. In certain country, such as China, they have carried out a policy which the government tend to control the population in their country, which is one child per family policy, this policy was applying in year 1980 (Abortion in China 2001). Introduction of this policy has contributed to the increased rapidly in the number of abortion and there are reports show that forced abortions are uncommon nowadays. In several unique circumstances, the pregnancy women can be leg alizing by obtaining the approval from the population authorities. Therefore, those women who are from urban area in China show higher possibility to attain the permission to carry more than a child (Illegal births and legal abortion – the case of China 2005). Besides, abortion is a legal practice in Brazil if it is the only means to save the woman’s life or if the pregnancy is the result of rape. Although this has been the law for over 60 years, it has almost never been applied until recent years. In the past five years, the number of hospitals providing care to women victims of sexual violence has increased from 4 to 63, of which 40 people are currently providing legal abortion (Making legal abortion accessible in Brazil 2002). Furthermore, condition of an economic in certain country will give an impact to the statistic of abortion in a nation, such as during unemployment, inflation and deflation. A simply define that inflation is where a situation that ‘too much money chasing too few goods’, and this will influenced directly toward the distribution approach in the market (Inflation 2000). On the other hand, unemployment is where a situation the worker wants to work, but is unable to work and it may have advantages as well as disadvantages for the overall economy, notably, it may help turn away from inflation, which will negatively affects almost everyone in the economy (Unemployment 2007). During a high unemployment rate, there will be recession in market, which the employee will face financial difficulty to afford an additional child and as well as the parents and the existing children. If this happen, the pregnant women will think about whether they should carry on or terminate the pregnancy . In contrast, while there is boom in the economic, and so there will be a different choice on the pregnant women. While sometimes the parents will make a decision to take on an abortion, where there is a prospect in their career and they are unwilling to sacrifice the precious opportunity. Some will think the parents are cruel and selfish, but we are not them and we will not know the situation and feeling on them. Yet, economic boom will promote international business in the country, and the people will gain benefit through it, such as advanced in technology. International businesses encourage exchange of knowledge and experience between the countries, and it will built good relation between nations. As we know, Japan always adopting and possessing the advance technology and technique among the countries; many people in our country are fancy to get trained from them. Unable to deny that, failure rate in our country have been minimized by the advancing of medical technique in our co untry’s which compare to previous stage and currently the people are become more assurance with our country’s medical system, and technique and they are willing to carry out some high risk operation, such as heart operation. Recently, our country ex-prime minister has successfully done the heart operation in Malaysia. Subsequent to this incident, some of the pregnant women will possibly more confidence, and fewer anxious toward the possibility of failure in an abortion, and so they are able to make a quicker decision when they in the choice of either terminate or carry on the pregnancy. A worst health condition of the pregnant women may not encourage to carrying on the pregnancy, because there will be a risk to the fetus and the pregnant women too. Women who use drugs often will suffer from serious health problems, sexually transmitted diseases, and mental health problems. Studies have found that at least 70 percent of women who are drug users have been sexually abused by the age of sixteen. Drugs use is a serious health problem for many reasons. Women who use drugs may at the risk of becoming infected with HIV, which it is a virus that causes AIDS. These viruses can be spread through needless used to inject drugs. As a result, women who inject drugs and share needles are especially at the risk. A mother who uses drugs may possibly threat her life and her baby’s. When a pregnant woman uses drugs, she and her unborn child may face serious health problems. For instance, during pregnancy, the drugs used by the mother can enter the baby’s bloodstream. The effect on the baby can be HIV infection, AIDS, prematurely, low birth weight, small head size, poor motor skills and behavior problems. The mother who is continuing drug use will puts her children at risk for neglect, physical abuse and malnutrition (Pregnancy and drug use 2001). In addition, drug abuse may also cause underweight babies, birth defects or withdrawal symptoms after birth. For those pregnant women who are infected with serious harms of health, and they will be advice by doctor which come to an end of the pregnancy rather than bring on, because the virus possibly will transmit to the baby during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and through breastfeeding. If the pregnant women no take any preventive drugs and breastfeeds then the chance of her baby becoming infected by the virus is around 20-45% (HIV AIDS Pregnancy 2007). Although pregnancy is often portrayed as a time of great joy, that is not reality for all women. At least one in ten pregnant women will be suffers with depression. For years, experts mistakenly believed that pregnancy hormones protected against depression, leaving women more in danger to the illness only after the baby was born and their hormone levels plunged. They now believe that the brain chemistry will be interrupt in the rapid increase in hormone levels at the start of pregnancy and lead to depression. Hormonal changes will make the pregnant women feel more anxious than usual. Anxiety is another condition where that can and should be treated during pregnancy (Depression during pregnancy 2005). In these days, there are many young women in high school or college find out themselves pregnant and they are confront with emotional difficulties, which is due to that they are unprepared to enter parenthood and raise a child, or they are too young to do so and not have a reliable partner with who to raise a child. Besides that, they are required to choose either continuing education which can survive economically in their later life or dropping out to have the baby. Young couples who are just starting their lives together and want children might prefer become financially secure first to provide better care for their future children. In addition, the health of the baby will be affected if the pregnant women are dealing with mentally difficulties, such as anxiety and stress. In contrast, condition of a fetus during the pregnancy period will not only due to mental illness of the pregnant women, the lifestyle of the pregnant women will give a big impact toward the baby’s strength. For those pregnant women who take in alcohol regularly, smoking and any others bad habit will all provide a serious impact to the baby, which the possibility of carry an abnormal baby is extremely high. While the pregnant women smoking during pregnancy period will passes nicotine and cancer-causing drugs to the baby and smoke will also keeps the baby from getting nourishment and raises the risk of stillbirth or premature birth. On the other hand secondhand smoke exposure will cause disease and premature death in children and adult who do not smoke. For those children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased in the risk for sudden infant death syndrome, ear problems, and more severe asthma (Health harms from secondhand smoke 2007). Alcohol can cause life long physical and behavioral problems in the children, including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), which mean it will cause the baby mental retardation, abnormal facial features, growth problems, vision or hearing problems, all this causes will be lasts for a life time, and there is no cure for this. So, if the pregnant women are doing so, the health care provider can recommend programs, such as abortion, to help you quit and so the pregnant women and the baby will be better off (Pregnancy and substance abuse 2007). In contrast, relationship with husband or partner and family members will affect the pregnant women judgment. Nearly all of the teenage pr egnancy, will not support by their family members, because they believe that though of the teenage pregnancy are still immature and they are unable to educate their child in the right way, due to this the family members will suggested them to terminate the pregnancy. Because of opposition of the young pregnancy will feel homeless and though of terminate the baby’s life even suicide. In addition, if the relationship with partner or husband had broken up before or since pregnancy discovered it will as a result of why women have abortions (Reasons why women have abortions 2002). If there is a problem in the relationship between pregnant women and the husband or partner and will lead to the pregnant women decides to abort the child because she does not want to be a single parent (Abortion: Pros and cons 1999). On the other hand, if in a family which the husband is contributing the main financial support, and once they have broke up or divorce, the pregnant women may think to abor tion instead of carrying on which due to the pregnancy women will not be able to work for a certain period and so she will have no sufficient financial support during and after pregnancy time. Moreover, abortion may also cause by the husband or partner or the pregnant women are in jail or prison because violation of discipline, which this incident is force to terminate the baby and not abort with willingness. In the opinion of Pro-life people, they believed ‘psychological harm’ is one of the effects of abortion. They argue that women will get horrible nightmares of their children after they have abortion, and they will regret and feel guilty about their decision. They physical effects from the abortion usually appear in the future, such as tubal pregnancy and sterility. People from the pro-life group have evidence that abortion can breast cancer and the worst physical effect is death, it’s recoded that 200 women have died from legal abortion since 1973 (Abortion: Pros and cons 1999). For those women who decide to take on an abortion, they must be willing to bear the effects after the abortion neither it is physiology nor psychological. The worst physical effect is death, in record, there are 200 women have died from legal abortion since 1973 (Abortion: Pros and cons 1999). In addition, approximately 60 percent of women who experience of abortion follow-up a report with suicidal ideation, with 28 percent actually attempting suicide, of which half attempted suicide two or more times. Researchers in Finland have identifies a strong statistical association between abortion and suicide in a records based study. They identified 73 suicides associated within one year to a pregnancy ending either naturally or by induced abortion. The mean annual suicide rate for all women was 11.3 per 100,000. The suicide rate associated with birth was significantly lower at 5.9 per 100,000 (Abortion hurts women psychologically and emotionally 1999). There is another case where too much blood run off during abortion may lead to both mother and the baby or either one death. There is a risk in performing abortion, and if the pregnant women decide to take the risk, and so she must keen to tolerate the implication which due to abortion. According to Cr. M. C. Pike, at University of Southern California in 1981, he has demonstrated a direct association of induced abortion with breast cancer. He studies 163 women who developed breast cancer before age 33, and compared them with 272 controls. He showed that if a woman had aborted her first pregnancy, her change of developing breast cancer was increased by a factor of 2.4 times (Breast cancer 2006). While there is another view with risk of abortion, which in February 2003, the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) held a workshop of more than 100 of the world’s leading experts who study pregnancy and breast cancer risk. The experts’ assessment existing human and animal studies on the relationship between pregnanc y and breast cancer risk, including studies of induced and spontaneous abortions. Among their conclusion, breast cancer risk will increased after a term pregnancy, which is a pregnancy that results in the birth of living child or abort it (Can having an abortion cause or contribute to breast cancer 2007). In another word, breast cancer may due to hormonal changes during pregnancy; furthermore, change in hormone will cause the handicapped of the newborn in later pregnancies. Post abortion syndrome (PAS) is a term that has been used to describe the emotional and psychological cost of abortion, in order to cope with the emotional pain that accompanies abortion; woman may develop a set of resistance mechanisms to defend their decision. They may include rationalization, repression, and compensation. Moreover, there may have several symptoms of PAS, where some will occur immediately after an abortion and other may take months or even years to surface. One of it is strong feeling of guilty , which is a normal reaction that usually surface after the woman recognize that abortion is wrong and that she is responsible for committing her own abortion (Physical and psychological complications of abortion 2002). For those who are feeling extremely guilty, they will repeat and persistently dreams or even nightmare which is about the child. In addition, where a new research from New Zealand has confirmed that abortion substantially increases the risk for mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression in young women. According to David Fergussen, psychology professor, had found a relative rate of mental health-related concerns, such as a tendency to suicide, and drug and alcohol abuse were all significantly increased in women with a past history of abortion (New research supports abortion-mental health risk claims 2007). Â  A social will straightforwardly influence ones behavior, and there are some people who are arguing that abortion is morally wrong on the basis that a fetus is an innocent human being, however, there are still a group of people who are not agree with that (Abortion debate 2007). If a society allows the people to carry out abortion legally, the peace in a nation will be affected, because the people will now become more cruel and unethical, which they will never feel any guilty after the doing any crime act, such as abortion, and so the society will be terror. On the other hand, the performing of crime will increase unconsciously due to the immorality of the human. Besides that, in the developing country, there may possibly arise an incident where the citizens are lack of information about the sexually intercourse, thus the people there are unaware regarding the cause and effect of abortion and casual sexual practice. Because of the ignorant, will confidence the public to carry out casual sexual relationship among the teenagers. Moreover, this will boost up in the of infection venereal disease due to violence in sexual activity, such as AIDS, which are common in these days (Nine reasons why abortions should be illegal 2001). In summary, issues arise in social, economic and health condition of pregnant women will cause an abortion activity taking place. Besides, the will be some specific impact which due to the abortion. Crime rate in a nation is slightly related to the abortion, because pregnancy result from rape will be an unwanted child, and the pregnant women will decide to abort it. Additionally, knowledgeable in a certain nation will affect the idea of abortion in the public, and rule and regulations of a country will give an impact to the people as well. However, tendency of economic will illustrate in the rate of the abortion rate, for example, during high unemployment rate, the abortion rate will go high as well, and it may due to the financial problem which will confront by the family later. Next, technology advancing in a country, will encourage the people to take on an abortion, because the risk of failure can be minimize, and so their concern. In fact, lifestyle and health condition of pregna nt women are linked, for instance, those women who are drug abuse will present an impact toward the fetus, which is a life long impact. Abortion may take place where there is a matter arise either with husband or family member and it will influence the sensation of the pregnant women. Nonetheless, abortion could come along with the implication either mentally or physiology or both affection, such as feeling guilty and depression. Besides that, they will also be infected with breast cancer, or even death during or after the abortion. Subsequently, social will also be affected if the abortion carries out legally in a certain homeland. As a conclusion, abortion will surely lead to a bad tendency in society, so government should play their role, which control the abortion activities, ensure that, there is a good reason for abortion, and not the reason of feeling curious toward sexual intercourse. Also, pregnant women should aware about the cause and effect of abortion and ensure that yo u and your partner are free from venereal disease, which mean that carry out the sex in a safe condition. R E F E R E N C E Abortion 2001. Retrieved: October 31, 2007, from http://www.answers.com/abortion Abortion debate 2007. Retrieved: 2 November, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Abortion_debate#Ethical_debate Abortion hurts women psychologically and emotionally 1999. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.optionline.org/Fact%20Sheet%20on%20abortion emotional%20risks.pdf Abortion in China 2001. Retrieved: October 28, 2007, from http://www.abortiontv. com/Misc/ChinaAbortions.htm Abortion: Pros and cons 1999. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://www.lclark. edu/~krauss/advwrf99/causeeffect/felixcause.html Abortion- Reasons for abortions 2007. Retrieved: October 30, 2007, from http://family. jrank.org/pages/2/Abortion-Reasons-Abortions.html Breast cancer 2006. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://www.abortionfacts. com/online_books/love_them_both/why_cant_we_love_them_both_23.asp Can having an abortion cause or contribute to breast cancer 2007. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6x_Can_Having_ an_ Abortion_Cause_or_Contribute_to_Breast_Cancer.asp Depression during pregnancy 2005. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.baby center.com/0_depression-during-pregnancy_9179.bc#articlesection0 Health harms from secondhand smoke 2007. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0103.pdf HIV AIDS Pregnancy 2007. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://www.avert. org/pregnancy.htm Illegal births and legal abortion – the case of China 2005. Retrieved: October 28, 2007, from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1215519 Incest 2001. Retrieved: November 1, 2007, from http://www.answers.com/incest Inflation 2000. Retrieved: October 31, 2007, from http://www2.resbank.co.za/internet/ Glossary.nsf/b551f2529ff409b742256b41004c6a7e/b6de54fdff3ee35442256b430 02f6fc7?OpenDocument Making legal abortion accessible in Brazil 2002. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94126274.html New research supports abortion-mental health risk claims 2007. Retrieved: 2 November, 2007, from http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2006/jan/06010507.html Nine reasons why abortions should be illegal 2001. Retrieved: 31, October, 2007, from http://www.mrdata.net/books/9reasons.htm Nationwide abortion procedure ban update 1998. Retrieved: October 31, 2007, from http://www.now.org/issues/abortion/wisctalk.html#nationwide Physical and psychological complications of abortion 2002. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/tul/pap1.html Pregnancy and drug use 2001. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.pregnancy. org/article.php?sid=1201 Pregnancy and substance abuse 2007. Retrieved: 1 October, 2007, from http://www.nlm. nih.gov/medlineplus/pregnancyandsubstanceabuse.html Reasons why women have abortions 2002. Retrieved: 2 November, 2007, from http://www.postabortionpaths.org.nz/ReasRisk.asp Reasons why women have induced abortions: evidence 1998. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2411798.html Teen abortions 2003. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.childtrendsdata bank.org/indicators/27TeenAbortions.cfm Unemployment 2007. Retrieved: October 25, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Unemployment

New England vs. The Colonies

Colonial Times than In the present. It was hard choice made by many European settlers when considering to what colony to go to. They had to choose between the Middle or Southern colonies along with New England. Each colony had certain, desirable features and characteristics that these settlers had to take into account. However, those that chose to reside in the New England colonies were the most fortunate of the colonists in terms of living standards and morals for a series of reasons.Also, these living standards apply to most people groups at the time. New England's colonies were Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The New England colonies were most pleasant to live in partially due to the nature it was gifted with. The pristine environment was healthy to live in as it contained an immense, sprawling forest. (Amounts) This was also supplemented by the fact that it had great access to the coast. (Alicia) It was not afflicted by disease like the other colonies because of a cooler climate and naturally occurring clean water. Alcohol) A notable, Immigrant reverend named Francis Higgins commented on the matter. He stated For a sip of New England's air is better then a whole draft of old England's ale†. (Kennedy, pig. 71) One other motive that New England was superb In living conditions is its favorable political circumstances. One of the earliest precursors of American democracy was present in the Massachusetts colony which is generally conceived as positive by most. The Massachusetts colony was self-governed by religious persons. Amounts) Only male. Protestant church members were allowed to participate In government, but at least tyranny was less of an issue. (Amounts) The great Thomas Jefferson awe one of the government meetings as â€Å"the best school of political liberty the world ever saw†. (Kennedy, pig. 73) New England was a more religiously tolerant group of colonies compared to other areas of North America. Puritans f ounded the Massachusetts colony for the purpose of establishing a place that offers more religious freedom.This was a way to get away from the Intolerant church of England In the British Isles. To escape Puritan ideology at the time, a person could move to the Rhode Island colony. Rhode Island was founded by a settler named Roger Williams where anyone can worship freely. It harbored many people, including the famous Anne Hutchinson, who would be persecuted in other colonies simply because of their beliefs. (Amounts) New England was the epicenter of The Great Awakening which benefited the area.This was due to the preaching of a famous preacher named Jonathan Edwards. This was spiritually refreshing for Christians which composed the majority of the population. Education developed at an increased rate and was concentrated in New England. Many top American universities Like Harvard were founded in the colonies. (Kennedy, pig. 87) The colonies of New England bore an economy that was stab le, profitable and England provided an extremely high availability of lumber.This made lumber a major export and caused New England to be an important source of ships. Innumerable homes were also made with this lumber. The coast provided a gargantuan supply of fish, especially cod for which New England is well known for. Perhaps most importantly, New England had a drastically proportion and profit of the use of human slave labor. (Wisped) If an English person during the 17th and 18th centuries was wary of these facts, hen they would easily deduce that New England was the best colony to emigrate to.The factors dictating this choice would constitute of New England's superior education and health, lowered dependence on human slaves, religious and political freedom and natural features. New England still draws people in due to its features. It is the home of the world's highest educational and beauty. North America was arguably more of a land of opportunity during Colonial Times than in the present. It was hard choice made by many European settlers when considering to what colony to go to. They had to choose between the Middle or Southern colonies along with New England.Each colony had certain, desirable features and characteristics that these settlers had to take into account. However, those that chose to reside in the New England colonies were the most fortunate of the colonists in terms of living standards and morals for a series of reasons. Also, these living standards apply to most people groups at the time. New England's colonies were Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. Climate and naturally occurring clean water. (Alicia) A notable, immigrant reverend named Francis Higgins commented on the matter.He stated † For a sip of New One other motive that New England was superb in living conditions is its favorable Only male, Protestant church members were allowed to participate in government, of establishing a place that offers more r eligious freedom. This was a way to get away from the intolerant Church of England in the British Isles. To escape Puritan universities like Harvard were founded in the colonies. (Kennedy, pig. 87) more moral than colonies found elsewhere on the continent. The vast forests of New It is the home of the world's highest educational and beauty.

Duddy Kravitz Materialism Essay

Materializing is a major role in this book it affects a large part of the characters second and one person first hand. It also affects the plot due to the main characters obsession with materialism. Materializing can also cause people in relationships to grow apart due to confusion with priorities. Materializing can drive people to become some one that they would never wish to become with out even realizing it. It can also push you to do stuff that you would never think of doing. In the book The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz, the main character Duddy Kravitz was brought up with the saying † a man with out land is a nobody.† Duddy believes that the more land and money he gains the more of a â€Å"somebody† he will become. Duddy goes through life trying to make more and more money and gain more and more land. With an obsession like this it can cause a person to forget about priorities and also the heath and feelings of others. With Duddy by the end of the book his push to become a † somebody† cause the lost of respect from a family member and the loss of valued friends. It caused Duddy to put his own friend in a wheel chair for life just so he could try and save some money. Materializing can cause your judgment to fog and able you to do almost anything to get a head in the race to becoming a â€Å"somebody†. Duddy went to the point of forging a crippled friends check so he could buy more land. After he finally owns and controls all of the land hi feels that he has become a â€Å"somebody†. Duddy let money and poisons become the only thing that mattered to him. Duddy lost sight of everything that he lost and all the people that he hurt along the race to become a â€Å"somebody†. The plot of the book was greatly affected be materialism. The book is based around a selfish, greedy man named Duddy Kravitz a man that would stop at anything to become rich and well known. The plot twists as Duddy personality becomes meaner and more money driven. The plot of the book starts with the main character Duddy trying to make living well at the same timework his way up to becoming rich and at least locally famous. Duddy starts off as a happy man with a girlfriend, has many friends that are rich and is starting off his own business. However later on in the book after he starts to buy land to build a dream he starts to go bankrupt. As times get tough Duddy slowly starts to loss grasp of his goals and dreams that would make him a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"somebody†. The money hungry man starts to become verbally violent and uncaring for others. At this point he is only worried about losing his land and money. â€Å"#################† but really Duddy has lost much more than he has gain. He has lost his friends, his girlfriend and the respect of his grandpa. The plot is based on materialism with Duddy. All most every problem in this book is a result in Duddy trying to make it big in life and becoming a rich man with a lot of land. When materialism is present with in a relationships it can push people to grow a part over time. It is usually noticed be one member and rarely caught but the person who is obsessed with it. With Duddy Kravitz it was present thought out his life. However as time moved on it slowly turned in to the only thing that mattered to him in his life. When Duddy first started to date Yvette you could see the connection they had with each other, you got the impression that they where meant to be together. They would go on picnic’s together, go for walks in the woods, and go swimming in the lake. This is where Duddy discovers his soon to be land, with in seconds you could see that the Duddy obsession with materialism has started to make things different between then. Duddy tried to bribe Yvette not to tell anyone about their place and offered to cut her in on the profits if she would keep it a secret. When money and the land came in to the picture it caused Duddy to almost stop trusting Yvette and act like she was more like a business partner rather than girlfriend. This cause Yvette to become angry and upset that Duddy didn’t trust her and brought money in to the picture. Slowly over time Duddy became verbally violent towards Yvette, always telling her to â€Å"shut up† and yelling at her profoundly. Slowly Duddy obsession pushed him away from Yvette. By the end of the book Duddy was so obsessed with land, money and trying to become a â€Å"somebody† that he lost the important things in life. Duddy lost things that can’t be bought but money, or impressed with land, he lost friends and family.

Mental Health and Mental Illness Definitions and Perspectives by David Mechanic Free Essay Example, 750 words

The present article is a discussion about mental health and illness. The author highlights the main issues of mental illness. Mental issue is profoundly common, however, commonness is not quite the same as a requirement for medicine. Some mental issues are a significant wellspring of pain, inability, and social load, and numerous individuals who could profit from medicine don't get it. The requirement is commonly self-characterized or characterized by clinicians who are persuaded to carry medication to the individuals who could profit. Characterizing need properly obliges thought of the span and re event of turmoil, co-partnered misery and inability, and the probability that medicine will be gainful. Interest may be pushed improperly by clinicians and medication makers who benefit from the extension of interest. Future evaluations of the requirement must be dependent upon confirmation and consider necessities for consideration and expense adequacy. The main question out here is when can a person be called mentally sick? The author discusses a simple case where he says that a poor person who does shoplifting regularly is not mentally sick but a rich person who has the same issue can and most probably is mentally ill. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health and Mental Illness Definitions and Perspectives by David Mechanic or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page surgeon generals provide details regarding mental illness. Patients' observed requirement for administrations may not furnish a solid standard for scope since subjective elements could inclination gauges towards oneself either upward or descending. Objective practical disabilities are serious however troublesome to measure. "It is a fantasy to accept we can abstain from wading through to some degree, " Mechanic closes.